Abstract:
Paediatric sarcomas are rare, biologically distinct, and often aggressive tumors that require multidisciplinary, risk-adapted management. For non-paediatric oncologists, particularly those involved in the care of adolescent and young adult (AYA) patients, timely recognition and understanding of evolving diagnostic and therapeutic principles are essential.
In this presentation, I will provide a focused update on common and clinically relevant paediatric sarcomas, including rhabdomyosarcoma, non-rhabdomyosarcoma soft tissue sarcomas (NRSTS), Ewing sarcoma, and osteosarcoma. Emphasis will be placed on recent shifts in molecular classification, the role of fusion-based diagnostics, and how these advances inform risk stratification and treatment decisions. I will also review key changes in protocols from major cooperative groups, highlight when adjuvant therapy is indicated, and outline scenarios where referral to paediatric sarcoma centers is critical. The goal is to equip non-paediatric oncologists with a practical framework to support early diagnosis, appropriate triage, and collaborative care in this complex and rapidly evolving field.
